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Massage &
Stacy Bradley, CMT, RMT, MQP
222 17th St. Pacific Grove, CA 93950 (831) 277-0643 Stacy@SpiritsDelight.com |
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Efficacy of Reiki Boon H, Stewart M, Kennard MA, Gray R, Sawka C, Brown JB, McWilliam C, Garvin A, Baron RA, Aaron D, Haines-Kamka T. Use of complementary / alternative medicine by breast cancer survivors in Ontario: prevalence and perceptions.. Clin Oncol 2000; 18:2515–2521. Bullock, Marlene (Jan/Feb 1997). "Reiki: A Complementary Therapy for Life," The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 14(1): pp. 31-3. This article describes the treatment of a 70 year-old man with an aggressive cancer using palliative radiation and medication, and Reiki. Through her hospice experiences the author concludes that, "Some general trends seen with Reiki include: periods of stabilization in which there is time to enjoy the last days of one's life, a peaceful and calm passing if death is imminent; and relief from pain, anxiety, dyspnea and edema. Reiki is a valuable complement in supporting patients in their end-of-life journey, enhancing the quality of their remaining days." "Reiki Technique Study to Control Chronic Pain in Diabetic Neuropathy", The Department of Public Relations & Marketing Communications, University of Michigan, http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/topics/alt03.htm The University of Michigan Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Center is studying Reiki, to determine whether chronic pain in diabetic neuropathy can be controlled, thereby increasing the patients' quality of life. This is one of the first studies of this technique funded by the National Institutes of Health, and has the full support of the University of Michigan Health System. The Reiki Clinic at the Tucson Medical Center in Arizona has a team of Reiki practitioners who give Reiki to patients in their rooms. The program first began in the Cancer Care Unit, but has since expanded to many other areas in the hospital. Conditions treated at the Reiki Clinic include cancer, pain, chronic conditions, postoperative surgery, and they also deal with childbirth. (Source: "Reiki In Hospitals" by William Lee Rand, Reiki Master, http://www.reiki.org/Healing/reiki_in_hospitals.html). Evanoff A, Newton WP. Therapeutic touch and osteoarthritis of the knee Fam Pract 1999;48:11–12. Halliwill JR, Taylor JA, Eckberg DL. Impaired sympathetic vascular regulation in humans after acute dynamic exercise. J Physiol 1996; 495:279–288. Julu POO, Hansen S, Al Rawas S, Jamal GA. Real-time study of brainstem cardiovascular regulation during systemic excitation of _1-adrenergic receptors in fully conscious human subjects. Julu POO, Hansen S, Barnes A, Jamal GA. Continuous measurement of the cardiac component of arterial baroreflex (ccbr) in real-time during isometric exercise in human volunteers. J Physiol (Lond) 2001; 533P:76P–77P. Julu POO. A linear scale for measuring vagal tone in man. J Physiol (Lond) 1996; 497P: 7P–8P. Kemper KJ, Cassileth B, Ferris T. Holistic pediatrics: a research agenda. Pediatrics 1999;103:902–909., J Autonom Pharmacol 1992; 12:109–115. Lin MC, Nahin R, Gershwin ME, Longhurst JC, Wu KK. State of complementary and alternative medicine in cardiovascular, lung, and blood research: executive summary of a workshop. Circulation 2001;103:2038–2041. Little CJ, Julu PO, Hansen S, Reid SW. Real-time measurement of cardiac vagal tone in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:H758–H765. Mackay N, Hansen S, McFarlane O. Autonomic Nervous-System-Changes During Reiki Treatment: A Preliminary Study, The journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine Volume 10,Number 6. Mansour, Dr. Ahlam of the College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Canada received a research grant from the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative (CBCRI) to conduct a feasibility study of the effects of Reiki on the level of anxiety, physical problems, spiritual well-being, and complete blood counts in breast cancer patients undergoing their initial (AC) chemotherapy. (Source: Office of Communications, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, http://www.usask.ca/communications/ocn/Apr24/news8.html). Martini FH. The Autonomic Nervous System: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 5th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001:503–526. Orem J. The wakeful stimulus for breathing. In: Isaa FG, Surat PM, Remmers JE, editors. Sleep and Respiration. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990:23–31. Quinn J. Therapeutic touch as energy exchange: testing the theory. Adv Nursing Sci 1984;6:42–49. Ramnarine-Singh S. The surgical significance of therapeutic touch. AORN J 1999;69:358–369. Spyer KM. The central nervous organisation of reflex circulatory Turner JG, Clark AJ, Gauthier DK, Williams M. The effect of therapeutic touch on pain and anxiety in burn patients. J Adv Nurs 1998;28:10–20. Vaughan S. The gentle touch. J Clin Nurs 1995;4:359–368. Wardell DW, Engebretson J. Biological correlates of Reiki Touch(sm) healing. J Adv Nurs 2001;33:439–45 Zorella, Peter. Reiki for Palliative Care is an article by a Reiki practitioner and teacher with the Canadian Reiki Association. The Ontario Reiki Program is a non profit corp that provides reiki programs in health care centres. SCIENTIFIC STUDIES Aladydy, Patricia and Kristen Alandydy, 1999."Using Reiki to Support Surgical Patients". Journal of Nursing Care Quality , 1999 Apr;13(4): pp. 89-91. Surgical patients at Columbia/HCA Portsmouth Regional Hospital in Portsmouth, New Hampshire are given the option of a 15 minute pre- and post-surgery Reiki treatment. In 1998 more than 870 patients participated. As a result there was less use of pain medications, shorter lengths of stay, and increased patient satisfaction. This article discusses how this program was set up. Plans for the future include documentation of the benefits and the further use of complementary therapies. Astin JA, Harkness E, Ernst E.University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, USA. jastin@compmed.ummc.umaryland.edu Bardia A,Barton DL,Prokop LJ,Bauer BA,Moynihan TJ. Efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine therapies in relieving cancer pain: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 1;24(34):5457-64 Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA. PURPOSE: Despite widespread popular use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, a rigorous evidence base about their efficacy for cancer-related pain is lacking. This is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating CAM therapies for cancer-related pain. METHODS: RCTs using CAM interventions for cancer-related pain were abstracted using Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, and Cochrane database. RESULTS: Eighteen trials were identified (eight poor, three intermediate, and seven high quality based on Jadad score), with a total of 1,499 patients. Median sample size was 53 patients, and median intervention duration was 45 days. All studies were from single institutions, four had sample size justification, and none reported any adverse effects. Seven trials reported significant benefit for the following CAM therapies: acupuncture (n = 1), support groups (n = 2), hypnosis (n = 1), relaxation/imagery (n = 2), and herbal supplement/HESA-A (n = 1, but study was of low quality without control data). Seven studies reported immediate postintervention or short-term benefit of the following CAM interventions: acupuncture (n = 2), music (n = 1), herbal supplement/Ai-Tong-Ping (n = 1), massage (n = 1), and healing touch (n = 2). Four studies reported no benefit of CAM interventions (music, n = 2; massage, n = 2) in reducing cancer pain compared with a control arm. CONCLUSION: There is paucity of multi-institutional RCTs evaluating CAM interventions for cancer pain with adequate power, duration, and sham control. Hypnosis, imagery, support groups, acupuncture, and healing touch seem promising, particularly in the short term, but none can be recommended because of a paucity of rigorous trials. Future research should focus on methodologically strong RCTs to determine potential efficacy of these CAM interventions. PMID: 17135649 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Berger, Ann RN, MSN, MD. Reiki and Pain from Ontario Reiki Programme Centre sites Ann Berger, RN, MSN, MD Medical oncologist specializing in pain treatment, Chief of the Pain and Pallative Care Service at the National Institute of Health in Washington DC said “We use probably 50-80% of nonpharmacologic methods in our NIH pain clinic, meaning non medication. The things we use include massage, relaxation, hypnosis, and reiki therapy, which is also very helpful in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndromes.” There is anecdotal evidence that reiki has been successful in the treatment of the pain associated with RSD. Burden B, Herron-Marx S, Clifford C.The increasing use of reiki as a complementary therapy in specialist palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2005 May;11(5):248-53 Compton Hospice, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, UK. Barbaracompt@aol.com Palliative medicine and complementary therapies (CTs) have developed within the NHS as parallel philosophies of care. As a result, the last decade has seen an increase in the integration and usage of CTs, as adjunct therapies to conventional medical treatment. Documented benefits of relaxation, decreased perception of pain, reduced anxiety and improved sense of wellbeing have been shown to enable an enhanced quality of life, where curative treatment is no longer an option. Reiki is a more recent addition to the range of CTs available to cancer patients. As an energy-healing intervention it has gained in popularity as a non-invasive and non-pharmacological approach. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the profound relaxation effect has a positive impact on alleviating anxiety, stress, perception of pain and promotes a feeling of wellbeing particularly relating to the nature of psychospiritual wellbeing. However, there is very little evidence to support its application within clinical practice, and none within the specific field of specialist palliative care (SPC). This article will consider the position of reiki as an emerging CT within SPC. The function of the hospice movement, the role of CTs together with an understanding of energy healing will also be explored. Within this context, the rise in popularity of reiki and its potential benefits for SPC patients will be discussed. These considerations will then form the basis of the justification for further research in SPC. PMID: 15944500 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton. Using Reiki to Manage Pain: a preliminary report alta. Cancer Prev Control 1997;1(2):108-13. Purpose: to explore the usefulness of “Reiki as an alternative to opioid therapy in the management of pain. This was a pilot study. Dressen, Linda J. & Singg, Sangeeta PhD. A double blind study: ISSSEEM Journal Vol 9 #1 Effects of Reiki on Pain and Selected Affective and Personality Variables of Chronically Ill Patients, http://www.issseem.org/journal.htm
The efficacy of "distant healing": a systematic review of randomized trials.
Beuche M, Laing G, Leis A, Nurse J. A study to test the effectiveness of placebo Reiki standardization procedures developed for a planned Reiki efficacy study. Brewitt, B., Vittetoe, T, and Hartwell, B., 1997."The Efficacy of Reiki Hands-On Healing: Improvements in spleen and nervous system function as quantified by electrodermal screening".Alternative Therapies , July 1997, Vol.3, No.4, pg.89 Improvement in spleen, immune, and nervous system function were quantified by electrodermal screening, and a reduction of pain, an increase in relaxation, and more mobility was reported in patiens with chronic conditions as multiple sclerosis, lupus, fibromyalgia, thyroid goiter. Relatives' Lived Experiences of Complementary Therapies in a Critical Care Department - A Phenomenological Study. Subfile: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Format (FM): Journal Article (24). Language(s) (LG): English. Year Published (YR): 1999. Author (AU): Brown, B.; et al. Source (SO): Australian Critical Care . 12(4): 147-153. 1999. Abstract (AB) : This journal article describes the lived experiences of relatives of critically ill patients who received complementary therapies in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania. Twenty relatives of critically ill patients completed nonstructured, audiotaped interviews. The sample included male and female relatives ranging in age from 18 to 75 years. Each participant had received aromatherapy, massage, reiki, and either Bach Flower Rescue Remedy or Australian Bush Flower Emergency Essence. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological transformative process to identify common themes. Results revealed a central theme of extending and enriching a caring atmosphere. The complementary therapies were felt to enhance caring by way of four sub-themes: inspiring calm and relaxation, enhancing connectedness, humanizing the technology, and adding a spiritual dimension. The findings suggest that complementary therapies can positively influence the lived experiences of relatives of critically ill patients. The article has 2 figures, 4 tables, and 24 references. Major Descriptors (MJ): Complementary Medicine. Critical Care. Relatives. Qualitative Analysis. Minor Descriptors (MN): Alternative Medicine. Verification/Update Date (VE): 200107. Notes (NT): Copyright: Yes. Accession Number (AN): AMJA03019. Bullock M. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 1997 Jan-Feb;14(1):31-3 Reiki: a complementary therapy for life. Hospice of the Valley , Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Tom was diagnosed with a very aggressive cancer and received only palliative radiation and medication. At the time of diagnosis, his symptoms suggested that he had a very limited life expectancy. With the Reiki and his intent, he was able to achieve his goal of long-term stability with freedom from immobilizing pain and swelling. Tom's comfort and quality of life improved dramatically, and he is living well with his cancer. Reiki has been associated with dramatic results for many patients. The importance of the patient's intent during Reiki treatments cannot be overemphasized. Some general trends seen with Reiki include: periods of stabilization in which there is time to enjoy the last days of one's life; a peaceful and calm passing if death is imminent; and relief from pain, anxiety, dyspnea and edema. Reiki is a valuable complement in supporting patients in their end-of-life journey, enhancing the quality of their remaining days. PMID: 9069762 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Ann Intern Med 2000 Jun 6;132(11):903-10. Healing touch: applications in the acute care setting. Umbreit AW. Comment in: ACP Journal Club 2000 Nov-Dec;133(3):107 Ann Intern Med. 2001 Dec 18;135(12):1094. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jun 19;134(12):1150. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Mar 20;134(6):532-3. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Mar 20;134(6):532; discussion 533. Ther Nurs Midwifery 2001 Feb;7(1):4-7 Mansour, A.A.; et al. The following abstracts were obtained from http://chid.nih.gov Experience of Reiki: Five Middle-Aged Women in the Midwest. Subfile: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Format (FM): Journal Article (24). Language(s) (LG): English. Year Published (YR): 1998.Source (SO): Alternative and Complementary Therapies . 4(3): 211-217. June 1998. Abstract (AB ): This journal article describes a qualitative study of Reiki, a type of touch therapy, as experienced by the participants. The informants were a practitioner and four female patients, aged 38 to 50 years, from the Canadian Midwest. The patients had received between 15 and 50 sessions of Reiki from different practitioners under different circumstances and in different settings. Data were collected through in-depth interviewing over a 5-month period. Thematic analysis of their stories revealed some commonalities and some differences. The overriding theme was one of experiencing existential changes. All of the women spoke about experiencing major psychospiritual and/or physical changes. Four additional subthemes were identified: how the participants came to try Reiki, what they experienced during the Reiki treatments, how they felt after the Reiki sessions (short-term and long-term outcomes), and what was the nature of Reiki. The article discusses these themes, presents paradigm cases of the five participants, and discusses the implications for future research. It has 1 table, a list of recommended readings, and 27 references. Major Descriptors (MJ): Treatment Evaluation. Reiki. Alternative Medicine. Massage. Women. Verification/Update Date (VE): 199908. Notes (NT): Copyright: Yes. Accession Number (AN): AMJA01088. Mariani, J. Wellness Center at York Hospital. Subfile: Health Promotion and Education Format (FM): Program. Language(s) (LG): English. Year Published (YR): 1997. Corporate Author (CN): York Hospital. Availability (AV): York Hospital, 15 Hospital Drive, York, ME 03909. "Reiki Technique Study to Control Chronic Pain in Diabetic Neuropathy" The Department of Public Relations & Marketing Communications, University of Michigan, www.med.umich.edu/1libr/topics/alt03.htm The University of Michigan Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Center is studying Reiki, to determine whether chronic pain in diabetic neuropathy can be controlled, thereby increasing the patients' quality of life. This is one of the first studies of this technique funded by the National Institutes of Health, and has the full support of the University of Michigan Health System. Heart surgeon, Dr Mehmet Oz, has worked with Julie Motz who used Reiki on his patients. These patients had received heart transplants and had experienced open heart surgery. She treated 11 patients. These patients had received heart transplants and had experienced open-heart surgery. She treated 11 patients in total and none of them had the usual post-operative depression. The bypass patients had no post-operative pain or leg weakness and the transplant patients experienced no organ rejection. Julie Motz has written about this experience in her book, “Hands of Life”. Nield-Anderson L, Ameling A. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2001 Apr;39(4):42-9. Reiki. A complementary therapy for nursing practice. Olson K, Hanson J. Cancer Prev Control 1997 Jun;1(2):108-13. Using Reiki to manage pain: a preliminary report. Cross Cancer Institute , Edmonton, Alta. karino@cancerboard.ab.ca The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of Reiki as an adjuvant to opioid therapy in the management of pain. Since no studies in this area could be found, a pilot study was carried out involving 20 volunteers experiencing pain at 55 sites for a variety of reasons, including cancer. All Reiki treatments were provided by a certified second-degree Reiki therapist. Pain was measured using both a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a Likert scale immediately before and after the Reiki treatment. Both instruments showed a highly significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in pain following the Reiki treatment. PMID: 9765732 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Petry, J.J. Surgery and Complementary Therapies: A Review. Subfile: Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Format (FM): Journal Article (24). Language(s) (LG): English. Year Published (YR): 2000. Source (SO): Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 6(5): 64-76. September 2000. Abstract (AB): This journal article reviews the literature on the use of complementary therapies in the surgical setting. The first part looks at the effects of psychological stress on the surgical patient, and the influence of coping style and locus of control on surgical outcome and the choice of stress-reducing intervention. The second part reviews research into the effects of specific complementary strategies on surgical outcomes. These strategies include relaxation techniques, hypnosis and suggestion, imagery, acupuncture, therapeutic touch, Reiki, music, massage therapy, and herbs/supplements such as L-arginine, bromelain, garlic, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc. The evidence suggests that relaxation techniques, imagery, and hypnosis/suggestion may have beneficial effects on anxiety, blood loss, postoperative pain, pain medication requirements, postoperative nausea and vomiting, recovery of bowel function, length of hospital stay, cost of care, and patient satisfaction. These and other complementary therapies also may affect immune function, stress hormone levels, and wound healing, but more research is needed to clarify their role in the surgical setting. The article has 5 tables and 111 references. Major Descriptors (MJ): Complementary Medicine. Surgery. Dietary Supplements. Treatment Outcomes. Literature Reviews. Minor Descriptors (MN): Alternative Medicine. Verification/Update Date (VE): 200104. Notes (NT): Copyright: Yes. Accession Number (AN): AMJA02807. School of Nursing, University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center , Houston, Texas, USA. dwardell@son1.nur.uth.tmc.edu Vitale AT, O'Connor PC.The effect of Reiki on pain and anxiety in women with abdominal hysterectomies: a quasi-experimental pilot study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2006 Nov-Dec;20(6):263-72; quiz 273-4 Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ, USA. annern2@gmail.com The purpose of this pilot study was to compare reports of pain and levels of state anxiety in 2 groups of women after abdominal hysterectomy. A quasi-experimental design was used in which the experimental group (n = 10) received traditional nursing care plus three 30-minute sessions of Reiki, while the control group (n = 12) received traditional nursing care. The results indicated that the experimental group reported less pain and requested fewer analgesics than the control group. Also, the experimental group reported less state anxiety than the control group on discharge at 72 hours postoperation. The authors recommend replication of this study with a similar population, such as women who require nonemergency cesarian section deliveries. PMID: 17099413 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] The following do not have abstracts (also from PubMed): Wardell DW, Mentgen J. Healing touch--an energy-based approach to healing. Imprint . 1999 Feb-Mar;46(2):34-5, 51. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 10373832 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Tattam A. Reiki--healing and dealing. Aust Nurs J . 1994 Aug;2(2):3, 52. No abstract available. PMID: 7849997 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] BOOKS Palliative Care Nursing: Quality Care to the End of LIfe Motz, Julie, 1998. "Hands of Life". New York; Bantam Books, 1998 Reiki was used in the operating room of the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City. The New York Times magazine reported about the use of Reiki during open-heart surgeries and hart transplantations performed by Dr. Mehmet Oz. None of the 11 heart patients treated with Reiki by Reiki Master Julie Motz experienced the usual postoperative depression, the bypass patients had no postoperative pain or leg weakness; and the transplant patients experienced no organ rejection. . View more: What are the benefits of Reiki?
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